Linux And Git Cheat Sheet

Linux Cheat Sheet

File and Directory Operations:

1. ls: List files and directories

   • Usage: ls [options] [path]

2. pwd: Print working directory

   • Usage: pwd

3. cd: Change directory

   • Usage: cd [directory]

4. mkdir: Make directory

   • Usage: mkdir [directory]

5. rmdir: Remove directory

   • Usage: rmdir [directory]

6. cp: Copy files and directories

   • Usage: cp [options] source destination

7. mv: Move/rename files and directories

   • Usage: mv [options] source destination

8. rm: Remove files and directories

   • Usage: rm [options] file/directory

9. touch: Create an empty file

   • Usage: touch [file]

10. cat: Concatenate and display file content

    • Usage: cat [file]

11. Text editors:

    • nano: Usage: nano [file]

    • vim: Usage: vim [file]

File Viewing and Manipulation:

1. head: Display the beginning of a file

   • Usage: head [options] [file]

2. tail: Display the end of a file

   • Usage: tail [options] [file]

3. less: View file content interactively

   • Usage: less [file]

4. grep: Search for a pattern in files

   • Usage: grep [options] 'pattern' [file(s)]

5. find: Search for files and directories

   • Usage: find [path] [expression]

6. wc: Count lines, words, and characters in a file

   • Usage: wc [options] [file]

7. sort: Sort lines in a file

   • Usage: sort [options] [file]

8. cut: Remove sections from each line of a file

   • Usage: cut [options] [file]

9. sed: Stream editor for text transformation

   • Usage: sed [options] 'command' [file]

10. awk: Text processing tool

    • Usage: awk 'pattern { action }' [file]

File Permissions:

1. chmod: Change file permissions

   • Usage: chmod [options] mode [file(s)]

2. chown: Change file ownership

   • Usage: chown [options] user[:group] [file(s)]

3. chgrp: Change group ownership

   • Usage: chgrp [options] group [file(s)]

System Information and Monitoring:

1. uname: Print system information

   • Usage: uname [options]

2. df: Disk space usage

   • Usage: df [options]

3. du: Estimate file and directory space usage

   • Usage: du [options] [directory]

4. free: Display memory usage

   • Usage: free [options]

5. top: Monitor system processes

   • Usage: top

6. ps: Display information about running processes

   • Usage: ps [options]

7. htop: Interactive process viewer (if installed)

   • Usage: htop

Package Management (Debian/Ubuntu):

1. apt-get: Command-line package handling utility

   • Usage: apt-get [options] command

2. apt-cache: Query the package cache

   • Usage: apt-cache [options] command

Package Management (Red Hat/Fedora):

1. yum: Package manager for RPM-based systems

   • Usage: yum [options] [command]

2. dnf: Next-generation package manager (replacing yum)

   • Usage: dnf [options] [command]

Network-related:

1. ping: Check connectivity to a host

   • Usage: ping [options] host

2. Network interface configuration:

   • ifconfig: Usage: ifconfig [interface] [options]

   • ip: Usage: ip [options] [address]

3. netstat: Network statistics

   • Usage: netstat [options]

4. ssh: Secure shell client

   • Usage: ssh [options] [user@]hostname

5. scp: Securely copy files between hosts

   • Usage: scp [options] [source] [destination]

6. Download files from the web:

   • wget: Usage: wget [options] [URL]

   • curl: Usage: curl [options] [URL]

7. DNS related queries:

   • nslookup: Usage: nslookup [options] domain

   • dig: Usage: dig [options] domain

Compression and Archiving:

1. tar: Archive files

   • Usage: tar [options] [archive] [file(s)]

2. gzip: Compress files

   • Usage: gzip [options] [file]

3. gunzip: Decompress files

   • Usage: gunzip [options] [file]

4. zip: Create ZIP files

   • Usage: zip [options] [archive] [file(s)]

5. unzip: Extract ZIP files

   • Usage: unzip [options] [archive.zip]

Process Management:

1. ps: Display information about running processes

   • Usage: ps [options]

2. kill: Terminate processes

   • Usage: kill [options] PID

3. Put a process in the background/foreground:

   • bg: Usage: bg

   • fg: Usage: fg

System Shutdown/Reboot:

1. shutdown: Shutdown or reboot the system

   • Usage: shutdown [options] [time] [message]

Miscellaneous:

1. date: Display or set the system date and time

   • Usage: date [options] [format]

2. View command history:

   • history: Usage: history [options]

3. Create an alias for a command:

   • alias: Usage: alias [name]=[command]

4. Display manual pages for commands:

   • man: Usage: man [command]

Git Cheat Sheet

Configuration:

1. git config --global user.name "Your Name": Set your global username.

2. git config --global user.email "youremail@example.com": Set your global email.

3. git config --global core.editor "editor": Set your preferred text editor for commit messages.

Creating and Cloning Repositories:

1. git init: Initialize a new Git repository in the current directory.

2. git clone <repository_url>: Clone an existing repository from a remote URL.

Basic Operations:

1. git add <file>: Add a file to the staging area to be included in the next commit.

2. git add .: Add all modified files to the staging area.

3. git commit -m "Commit message": Commit the staged changes with a descriptive message.

4. git status: Show the status of files in the repository (modified, staged, etc.).

5. git log: View commit history.

6. git diff: Show the changes made to files but not yet staged.

Branching and Merging:

1. git branch: List all branches in the repository.

2. git branch <branch_name>: Create a new branch.

3. git checkout <branch_name>: Switch to an existing branch.

4. git checkout -b <branch_name>: Create and switch to a new branch in one command.

5. git merge <branch_name>: Merge the specified branch into the current branch.

Remote Repositories:

1. git remote: List remote repositories.

2. git remote add <name> <url>: Add a remote repository with a custom name.

3. git push <remote_name> <branch_name>: Push the local branch to the remote repository.

4. git pull <remote_name> <branch_name>: Fetch and merge changes from a remote repository.

Undoing Changes:

1. git reset HEAD <file>: Unstage a file from the staging area.

2. git reset --hard HEAD: Discard all changes and revert to the last commit.

3. git revert <commit_hash>: Create a new commit that undoes the changes introduced by a specific commit.

Miscellaneous:

1. git rm <file>: Remove a file from the working directory and staging area.

2. git stash: Temporarily save changes to a stash, allowing you to switch branches without committing.

3. git remote -v: Display URLs of remote repositories.

Keep in mind that this is a concise cheat sheet covering some common Git commands. You can always find more information and options for each command in the Git documentation or by running git --help.